Moya Moya disease is associated with which condition?

Moyamoya disease is primarily characterized by stenosis or narrowing of the major arteries supplying blood to the brain, leading to a significant decrease in cerebral blood flow. This reduction in blood supply can result in a variety of neurological symptoms, including transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and strokes, particularly in younger individuals. The hallmark of Moyamoya disease is the formation of a network of tiny blood vessels that compensate for the decreased blood flow, which is where the name "Moyamoya" comes from, meaning 'puff of smoke' in Japanese.

The pathology associated with Moyamoya includes the gradual progression of ischemia due to the chronic reduction of blood flow to brain tissue, which can lead to increased vulnerability of neurons to injury. This makes option C, which highlights the decreased blood flow to cerebral tissue, the correct answer. Understanding this condition's impact on cerebral blood supply is crucial for recognizing its clinical manifestations and guiding treatment options.