What is the Nyquist sampling rate for waveforms containing frequencies as high as 100 hertz?

The Nyquist sampling rate is defined as twice the highest frequency component present in a signal to ensure accurate representation of that signal without aliasing. When dealing with waveforms that contain frequencies as high as 100 hertz, applying the Nyquist theorem means you need to sample at least twice that frequency. Therefore, for a maximum frequency of 100 hertz, the Nyquist sampling rate would be 200 samples per second.

This rate ensures that the waveform can be adequately reconstructed from the samples taken because sampling at this rate captures the complete cycle of the highest frequency present in the signal. Sampling lower than this rate would cause distortions and inaccuracies in the captured signal, leading to potential misinterpretation of the EEG data. Thus, the correct answer reflects the requirement of sampling at twice the highest frequency to maintain the integrity of the waveform representation in EEG recordings.