Which artery supplies blood to the anterior and middle cerebral arteries?

The internal carotid artery is the primary source of blood supply for both the anterior and middle cerebral arteries. When it branches off, the internal carotid artery divides into the anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery, which are critical for supplying oxygenated blood to significant portions of the brain.

The internal carotid artery enters the skull through the carotid canal and then moves into the cranial cavity, where it gives rise to these major cerebral arteries. The anterior cerebral artery primarily supplies the medial portions of the frontal lobes and the superior medial parietal lobes, while the middle cerebral artery supplies most of the lateral aspect of the cerebral hemispheres.

Other arteries, such as the vertebral and basilar arteries, primarily supply blood to the posterior structures of the brain. The external carotid artery mainly supplies blood to the face and neck rather than the brain's cerebral hemispheres. Thus, recognizing the role of the internal carotid artery is essential in understanding cerebral blood supply and its implications for neurological health.